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尿碘是衡量机体碘营养状况的主要指标，甲状腺的主要功能是利用碘为机体提供甲状腺激素，碘过多过少都将影响甲状腺激素的合成，进而通过相应机制影响甲状腺的生理及病理。实施全民食盐加碘后，人群碘营养状况已处于碘超足量和碘过量水平，同时甲状腺疾病谱也在发生变化。碘作为已知的引起甲状腺疾病的重要环境因素之一，越来越受到学者们的重视。尽管碘与甲状腺疾病关系研究已有一定进展，但碘代谢异常导致甲状腺疾病的发病机制尚有许多问题需深入探讨。“,”Urinary iodine is the main indicator to measure the body iodine nutritional status .The major func-tion of the thyroid is to provide thyroxin for organism with iodine.The physiology and pathology of the thyroid will be influenced through the associated mechanisms by the abnormal synthesis of thyroid hormones for excessive or in-sufficient iodine intake.The levels of iodine intake of some residents have been more than adequate or excessive since the implementation of universal salt iodization .During the same period, the thyroid disorder spectrum has changed a lot.Iodine which is known as one of the important environmental factors leading to thyroid diseases is getting more and more attentions from the scholars .Although researches on the relationship between the thyroid le-sions and iodine intake have made some progress,the specific mechanisms remain unclear,and more intensive study is needed.