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目前,随着国民经济的快速发展,铁路运输能力不足的矛盾日益凸显。近几十年来,铁路交通的主体发展方向表现为客运高速化、货运重载化。铁路高速、重载的发展也带动了我国铁路装备现代化进入实质性阶段,为我国机车车辆及相关制造业指明了发展方向。近年来,随着国家在资金和政策方面支持力度的加大,通过对国外先进技术和装备的引进、消化、吸收和再创新,我们已经取得了一定的成果。目前,200km及以上的动车组已批量下线,并成功用于铁路第六次的大面积提速。国产首列300km动车组列车最近也已成功下线,并将于北京奥运会之前在京津城际铁路投入使用。当然总体而言,与国际先进水平相比,我国在高速、重载的机车车辆设计与制造的某些领域,我们仍然存在一定的差距。如何抓住当下铁路大发展的良机,快速提升我国机车车辆的设计与制造水平,成为我国机车车辆制造业同仁必须面对的课题。为此我们专访了中国铁道科学院金属化学研究所张斌副所长。
At present, with the rapid development of the national economy, the contradiction between the lack of railway transport capacity has become increasingly prominent. In recent decades, the main direction of development of railway traffic has been the acceleration of passenger transport and the overloading of freight transport. The development of high-speed and heavy-haul railway has also brought the modernization of railway equipment in our country into a substantive stage and pointed out the development direction for our rolling stock and related manufacturing industries. In recent years, as the state has increased its support for funds and policies, we have achieved some results through the introduction, assimilation, absorption and re-innovation of advanced foreign technologies and equipment. At present, the EMUs of 200km and above have been mass-produced offline and successfully used for the sixth large-scale speed-up of the railway. Domestic first 300km EMU trains have also recently been successfully launched and will be put into operation before the Beijing Olympic Games on Beijing-Tianjin inter-city railways. Of course, overall, compared with the international advanced level, there are still some gaps in some areas where China designs and manufactures rolling stock with high speed and heavy load. How to seize the opportunity of the great development of the current railway and rapidly upgrade the design and manufacture level of rolling stock in our country become the topics that our country’s rolling stock manufacturing colleague must face. To this end, we interviewed Zhang Bin, deputy director of Institute of Metal Chemistry, China Railway Academy.