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本文以许继电气、格力电气和四川长虹为例,实证考察了国有企业的双层分配关系的公平和效率问题。从公平性来看,许继电气在2003年之前存在资本偏向分配,之后存在劳动偏向分配;格力电器一直存在资本偏向分配;四川长虹主要表现为劳动偏向分配。在管理层和职工之间,许继电气和格力电器存在管理层偏向分配;而四川长虹在2008年之前存在管理层偏向分配,其后存在职工偏向的分配。从收入分配关系影响来看,资劳收入比对企业效率没有显著影响,而管理层职工差距对企业效率存在负面影响。从经验数据来看,当兼顾公平与效率时,许继电气、格力电器和四川长虹综合指数最高年份分别是2004、2003和2006年。鉴于上述情形,企业应当根据现实情况从治理机制上进行改进,实现较好的分配关系。
Taking Xuji Electric, Gree Electric and Sichuan Changhong as examples, this paper empirically examines the fairness and efficiency of the state-owned enterprises in the double-tiered distribution. Judging from the fairness, Xuji Electric had the capital bias distribution before 2003, and then the labor bias distribution existed. Gree Electric Appliance had always had the capital bias distribution. Sichuan Changhong mainly showed the labor bias distribution. Between management and staff, Xu Ji Electric and Gree exist in management-oriented distribution; and Sichuan Changhong in 2008 before the existence of management bias distribution, there is the distribution of employee bias. From the perspective of the impact of income distribution, the labor-income ratio has no significant effect on the efficiency of enterprises, while the management staff gap has a negative impact on the efficiency of enterprises. From the empirical data, when taking into account fairness and efficiency, Xu Ji Electric, Gree and Sichuan Changhong Composite Index is the highest in 2004, 2003 and 2006 respectively. In view of the above, enterprises should improve their governance mechanism according to the actual situation so as to achieve a better distribution.