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自20世纪70年代以来,为应对因人口老龄化等因素导致的养老保障财务危机,世界各国对原有养老保障制度进行了改革,重新调整了政府、市场、个人三者之间的权利和义务,目的是通过市场的效率来弥补政府的不足和失灵。总的发展趋势是:第一,政府的社会保险财政给付责任减小,其工作重点转变为保证退休人员基本需求和弱势群体的最低需求;第二,政府从养老保障的主要提供者,转变为通过引导、规范和监管,推动市场机制运营的职业补充养老保险和个人储蓄性养老保险的发展;第三,政府、市场和个人三者的养老责任逐渐趋于均衡,形成目前较为流行的多支柱养老保障模式。
Since the 1970s, in order to cope with the financial crisis of old-age security due to population aging and other factors, all countries in the world have reformed the old-age security system and readjusted the rights and obligations among the government, the market and the individuals The purpose is to make up for government shortcomings and failures through the efficiency of the market. The overall development trend is as follows: First, the government’s financial responsibility for social insurance is reduced, and its work focuses on ensuring the basic needs of retirees and the minimum needs of vulnerable groups. Second, the government shifts from the primary provider of endowment insurance to Promote the development of occupational supplementary pension insurance and personal savings pension insurance operated by the market mechanism through guidance, regulation and supervision; Third, the pension obligations of the government, the market and the individuals gradually tend to be balanced and form the more popular multi-pillar Old-age security model.