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目的 探究间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MsC)对烟雾吸入性肺损伤的治疗作用.方法 按随机数字表法将36只雄性NOD/SCID小鼠分为3组:正常对照组,烟雾吸人性损伤组和MSC治疗组.健康小鼠建立烟雾吸入伤模型,经尾静脉注入小鼠间充质干细胞,肺组织HE染色观察注入MSC前后病理学改变,肺组织湿干比重评价肺水肿程度.ELISA检测血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液中炎性因子白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量.结果 肺组织HE病理学显示,MSC治疗组肺组织损伤程度较烟雾吸人性损伤组明显改善.烟雾吸人性损伤组小鼠肺湿干比重、血清以及支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-6和TNF-α含量高于对照组(P＜0.05);MSC治疗组肺湿干比重、血清以及肺泡灌洗液中IL-6和TNF-α含量低于损伤组(P＜0.05).结论 MSC对烟雾吸入引起的急性肺损伤有一定的保护作用.“,”Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on smoke inhalation injury (SII).Methods 36 NOD/SCID mice were randomly divided into 3 equal groups:normal control group,SII model group undergoing smoke inhalation for 8 minutes and then intravenous injection of phosphate buffered saline (PBS),and MSC treatment group injected with MSC suspension in PBS after smoke inhalation.The model of smoke inhalation injury was established in healthy mice,and mesenchymal stem cells were injected into the mice by tail vein later,the mice were anesthetized with their lungs taken out to undergo pathological examination and evaluation of the wet/dry weight of the lung.Samples of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected to test the levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by ELISA.Results The histopathology of lung tissue showed that the degree of lung injury in the MSC group was significantly lower compared with the SII group.The wet/dry weight of lung and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum and the BALF of the SII group were all significantly higher than those of the control group (all P ＜0.05).The wet/dry weight of lung and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α of the MSC group were all significantly lower than those of the SII group (all P ＜0.05).Conclusion MSC protects the acute lung injury caused by smoke inhalation.