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生物和环境之间的关系是不可分割的。它们彼此联系、互相依存、相互制约、共同发展,形成一个有机联系的整体。这种观点早在19世纪末20世纪初就已形成。1935年英国生态学家坦斯黎(Tansley)为了概括地表达这种思想,提出了生态系统这一科学概念。概括而言,生态系统就是生物与环境的
The relationship between living things and the environment is inseparable. They are connected to each other, depend on each other, restrict each other, and develop together, forming an organic whole. This idea was formed as early as the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. In 1935, the British ecologist Tansley proposed a scientific concept of ecosystem in order to express this idea in a general way. In a nutshell, ecosystems are biological and environmental