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目的了解北京市主要慢性病的流行特征和防治水平。方法于2005年9—10月份采用多阶段等比例分层整群抽样的方法调查北京市18岁以上16 658名常住居民,调查方法包括问卷调查、体格测量和实验室检查。结果患病率、知晓率、服药率和控制率,高血压分别为29.1%、49.3%、42.3%和10.6%,糖尿病分别为8.8%、56.7%、50.0%和15.0%,血脂异常分别为33.2%、31.1%、13.0%和4.3%;代谢综合征患病率为22.9%;急性心肌梗死和脑卒中的患病率分别为8.1‰和18.4‰。除糖尿病外,高血压、血脂异常、代谢综合征、急性心肌梗死和脑卒中的患病率都是郊区县人群高于城区。18～50岁人群上述慢性病的患病率男性显著高于女性,50岁后女性的患病水平逐渐赶上甚至超过男性。结论北京市18岁以上常住居民中主要慢性病患病率高于既往调查资料,郊区人群患病水平已超过市区人群。应根据新的流行特点,调整和加强北京市慢性病防治的工作重点。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and control of major chronic diseases in Beijing. Methods A total of 16 658 permanent residents over the age of 18 in Beijing from September to October in 2005 were surveyed by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. The survey methods included questionnaires, physical measurements and laboratory tests. Results The prevalence rate, awareness rate, medication rate, control rate and hypertension were 29.1%, 49.3%, 42.3% and 10.6% respectively, and those of diabetes were 8.8%, 56.7%, 50.0% and 15.0%, respectively, and those of dyslipidemia were 33.2 %, 31.1%, 13.0% and 4.3% respectively. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 22.9%. The prevalence rates of acute myocardial infarction and stroke were 8.1 ‰ and 18.4 ‰, respectively. In addition to diabetes, the prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, acute myocardial infarction and stroke is higher in suburban counties than in urban areas. The prevalence rate of chronic diseases in 18 ~ 50-year-olds was significantly higher than that in females, and the prevalence of females in 50-year-olds gradually caught up or even exceeded that of males. Conclusions The prevalence of major chronic diseases among residents over 18 years of age in Beijing is higher than that of previous surveys. The prevalence of suburban residents has exceeded that of urban residents. According to the new epidemic characteristics, the focus of prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in Beijing should be adjusted and strengthened.