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法捷耶夫的小说《毁灭》作为苏联文学的红色经典一度被上世纪90年代以来的文学思潮所淹没,伴着俄罗斯文学去政治化的呼声,《毁灭》因其特殊的社会历史背景被读者冷落。然而如果我们跳出政治意识形态的藩篱再读这部作品,小说却隐含着生与死的这一存在主义命题、展现着对人的生存与死亡的本质探索。笔者以列夫·托尔斯泰和西方存在主义思想的生死观为参照系从契合与超越、个性与集体、传承与创新三个方面重新解析《毁灭》,阐释该作品的存在主义表现,挖掘作品蕴涵的哲思。
Fadeyev’s novel “Destruction” as a red classic of Soviet literature was once overwhelmed by literary trends since the 1990s and accompanied by Russian politicization. “Destruction” was read by readers due to its special social and historical background Left out. However, if we jump out of the fence of political ideology to read this work, the novel implies the existentialist thesis of life and death, revealing the essential exploration of human existence and death. The author re-analyzes “Destruction” from three perspectives of conformity and transcendence, individuality and collectivity, inheritance and innovation, with the perspective of life and death of Leo Tolstoy and western existentialism, expounds the existentialism of the work and excavates the works Implies philosophy.