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基于ABAQUS有限元软件,对日本神户大开地铁车站在阪神地震中的地震反应进行了数值模拟研究。采用能合理反映剪胀及应变软化特性的统一硬化本构模型来模拟土体的力学行为,同时应用塑性损伤模型描述了混凝土的力学特性,建立了大开地铁车站的三维数值计算模型。首先研究并对比了水平地震动单独作用,以及水平与竖向地震动共同作用下大开车站结构与围岩土体的地震反应,进而探讨了浅埋地下结构的地震破坏机理。数值结果表明:在强震作用下浅埋结构的上覆土体首先剪切破坏,进而丧失抗剪能力;上覆土体丧失抗剪能力后,在竖向地震作用下,其惯性力作用于车站结构顶板,该惯性力与侧壁土体引起剪切荷载的耦合作用使车站结构的中柱压剪破坏,继而结构顶板折断,最后结构整体倒塌。
Based on ABAQUS finite element software, the seismic response of Kobe Kankaya metro station in Japan during the Hanshin earthquake was numerically simulated. The uniform hardening constitutive model which can reasonably reflect the dilatancy and strain softening characteristics is used to simulate the mechanical behavior of the soil. Meanwhile, the plastic damage model is used to describe the mechanical properties of the concrete, and a three-dimensional numerical model of the metro station is established. Firstly, the seismic response of the station structure with surrounding rock and soil under the combined effect of horizontal ground motion and vertical ground motion is researched and compared, and then the earthquake damage mechanism of shallow underground structure is discussed. The numerical results show that the overburden soil with shallow buried structure firstly shear failure and then lose its shear resistance under the action of strong earthquake. When the overburden soil loses the shear capacity, its inertial force acts on the station structure under vertical earthquake The coupling of the inertial force and the shear load caused by the soil on the side wall causes the central column of the station structure to be crushed and then the roof of the structure is broken, and finally the structure collapses.