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薅草锣鼓是土家族特有的音乐文化形态。主要流传于武陵山区土家族聚居的川、鄂、湘、黔四省。薅草锣鼓反映了不同历史时期土家族人民的生产、生活、情感、信仰等风貌,是我们认知和研究土家族民族历史和文化的一块活化石。本世纪以来,在世界教科文组织的倡导下,人类非物质文化遗产保护受到前所未有的重视。作为土家族特有的一种民俗文化,薅草锣鼓的研究与保护受到了应有的重视。各级地方政府也积极采取多种手段挖掘培养民间艺人,试图让这一习俗“活”着传承下去,但收效甚微。本文试通过对这一土家民俗文化事象的起源、兴盛及式微的分析,探讨其功能的流变及其式微的真正缘由。
Grass drum percussion is Tujia unique music and cultural forms. Mainly spread in Tujia in Wuling Mountain, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou provinces. The gongs, drums and gongs reflect the style of production, life, emotion and belief of the Tujia people in different historical periods and are a living fossil for us to recognize and study the history and culture of the Tujia nationality. Since the beginning of this century, the protection of the human intangible cultural heritage has been given unprecedented attention by UNESCO in the world. As a unique folk culture of Tujia ethnic group, the study and protection of perilla grass and drums has received the attention it deserves. Local governments at all levels are also active in diversifying and cultivating folk entertainers in an attempt to keep this custom alive, but with little success. This paper attempts to analyze the origins, flourishing and modest analysis of this folk custom cultural phenomenon, and discuss the change of its function and its real reason.