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目的了解白银市2005-2015年流感流行特征,评价监测工作进展,为流感防控提供科学依据。方法收集流感常规疫情报告、哨点医院监测、暴发疫情监测资料以及病原学检测结果,使用Excel 2010和SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。结果白银市2005-2015年共报告流感病例6161例,年均报告发病率为31.91/10万,局部暴发疫情、流感大流行与全市发病率增高密切相关。哨点医院报告流感样病例(ILI)16888例,年均ILI就诊百分比(ILI%)为1.52%,各年度ILI%、两家医院ILI%的差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=3144.424,P<0.01;χ~2=489.758,P<0.01);ILI流行高峰与流感暴发疫情高峰期基本相同;ILI核酸检测阳性率为15.96%,病毒分离率为17.33%,各年度核酸检测阳性率、毒株型别构成比的差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=488.533,P<0.01;χ~2=537.383,P<0.01)。全市报告42起ILI暴发疫情,主要发生在中小学校,病毒型别为甲型H1N1型、B型、季节性H3N2型。结论白银市流感监测工作取得一定成绩,还需加强哨点医院监测、学校暴发疫情的监测与防控工作。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of influenza from 2005 to 2015 in Baiyin City and to evaluate the progress of surveillance and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza. Methods The routine influenza epidemic reports, sentinel hospital surveillance, outbreak surveillance data and etiological test results were collected and analyzed by Excel 2010 and SPSS 19.0 software. Results A total of 6161 flu cases were reported in Baiyin from 2005 to 2015, with an average annual incidence of 31.91 / 100 000. The outbreaks of endemic areas and the influenza pandemic were closely related to the increase of the city’s incidence. Sentinel Hospital reported 16888 cases of influenza-like illness (ILI) with an average annual ILI% of 1.52%. ILI% of each year and ILI% of the two hospitals showed statistically significant differences (χ ~ 2 = 3144.424, P <0.01; χ ~ 2 = 489.758, P <0.01). The peak of ILI epidemic was basically the same as the peak of outbreak of influenza. The positive rate of ILI was 15.96% and the rate of virus isolation was 17.33% There were significant differences in the constituent ratios of the strains (χ ~ 2 = 488.533, P <0.01; χ ~ 2 = 537.383, P <0.01). The city reported 42 ILI outbreaks, mainly in primary and secondary schools, the virus type A H1N1 type, B type, seasonal H3N2 type. Conclusion The silver flu surveillance work has achieved some achievements. It is also necessary to strengthen the monitoring and prevention and control of sentinel hospitals and school outbreaks.