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通过在砂质潮土上10年长期定位试验,研究了不同施肥结构对作物产量和土壤有机质及N、P、K等养分在土体中变化的影响。结果表明,单施N肥小麦减产21.1％～34.3％,玉米则增产155.9％～209.7％;单施P肥小麦增产29.3％～39.7％,玉米减产50.4％～63.0％;而N、P肥配施小麦、玉米分别增产3.43～5.79倍和3.04～4.23倍。施有机肥能显著提高作物产量和土壤养分含量,而N、P肥单施或配施仅能维持较低有机质水平,且土壤K耗竭严重。单施N肥N素易于下淋,而N、P肥配施有利于N在土壤上层的保持。有机肥配施N肥或N、P肥是较好的施肥结构。
Through 10 years long-term experiment on sandy alluvial soil, the effects of different fertilization structures on crop yield, soil organic matter and nutrients such as N, P and K in soil were studied. The results showed that the yield of wheat increased by 21.1% -34.3% and that of maize increased by 155.9% ~ 209.7%, while the yield of wheat increased by 29.3% -39.7% and that of maize reduced by 50.4% -63.0% Shi wheat, corn, respectively, an increase of 3.43 to 5.79 times and 3.04 to 4.23 times. Application of organic manure can significantly improve crop yield and soil nutrient content, while N, P fertilizer alone can only maintain a low level of organic matter, and soil K depletion is serious. The application of N and N fertilizer alone was easy to drench, and the combination of N and P fertilizers favored the maintenance of N in the upper soil layer. Organic fertilizer with N fertilizer or N, P fertilizer is better fertilization structure.