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建构主义认为,学生学习新知识时并不是对新知识的一种简单积累,而是当新知识与学生头脑中的已有知识、生活中的感性认识相吻合时会对新知识产生同化、顺应和吸收;相抵触时会产生排斥、变异和重组.教学中注意研究后一种情形,对于有预见和针对性的进行教学,提高教学效果,具有其它教学方法所不可替代的作用.笔者经过多年的研究发现,学生学过平抛运动后经过排斥、变异和重组,主要产生了以下四种典型思维障碍.
Constructivism believes that when students learn new knowledge, it is not a simple accumulation of new knowledge, but when the new knowledge is consistent with the existing knowledge in the students’ minds and the perceptual knowledge in life, it will assimilate and adapt to new knowledge. In conflict with absorption, there will be exclusion, variation, and reorganization. The latter situation is studied in teaching. For teaching with foresight and pertinence and improving teaching effects, it has the irreplaceable role of other teaching methods. The study found that students experienced rejection, variation, and reorganization after having thrown a throw. They have produced the following four typical thinking obstacles.