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目的探讨高校大学生适用的艾滋病防治宣教模式,为有效开展校园艾滋病教育及男男艾滋病人群筛查等干预工作提供依据。方法随机抽取武汉市某高校学生570人进行问卷调查,并分为4组,通过多媒体讲座、志愿者组织宣传、校园网络、发放健康教育处方等形式干预,1个月后再行相同问卷调查。结果 4组干预前后知晓率为:多媒体组37.03%、72.60%;志愿者组37.91%、64.54%;网络组30.4%、52.94%;处方组40.76%、57.14%,差异有统计学意义(前2组P值<0.001,后2组P值为0.005、0.004)。多媒体干预后正向态度率明显提高(P<0.001),另3组差异无统计学意义。71.58%的调查者知道男男性行为更易传播艾滋病,仅35.44%知道肛交最易传播。有过性行为的调查者中96.00%认同戴安全套能减少艾滋病的传播,但54.17%在第一次性行为中未用安全套。结论健康教育干预可显著提升大学生对艾滋病相关知识知晓率,其中多媒体讲座效果最佳。目前开放的性观念及匮乏的性知识使青年男男同性恋人群(Men who have Sex with Men,下简称“MSM”)成为感染高危人群,应加强教育筛查。
Objective To explore the suitable education mode of AIDS prevention and control for undergraduates in colleges and universities and to provide the basis for effective AIDS prevention education and MSM screening. Methods A total of 570 students from a university in Wuhan were randomly selected and surveyed. The questionnaires were divided into four groups. The questionnaires were conducted in the form of multi-media lectures, volunteer organizations, campus networks and health education prescriptions. The same questionnaire was conducted one month later. Results The awareness rates of the four groups before and after intervention were 37.03% and 72.60% respectively in the multimedia group, 37.91% and 64.54% in the volunteer group, 30.4% and 52.94% in the network group, 40.76% and 57.14% in the prescription group, respectively Group P value <0.001, after 2 group P value was 0.005,0.004). After the intervention of multimedia, the positive attitude rate was significantly increased (P <0.001), the other three groups had no statistical significance. 71.58% of respondents knew that MSM was more likely to transmit AIDS and only 35.44% knew that anal sex was the most vulnerable. 96.00% of those surveyed who had sex had agreed that wearing condoms can reduce the spread of AIDS, but 54.17% did not use condoms in their first sexual intercourse. Conclusion Health education intervention can significantly improve college students’ awareness of AIDS-related knowledge, of which the best multimedia lectures. At present, the open concept of sexuality and lack of sexual knowledge make young men and women of the same sex (Men who have Sex with Men, hereinafter referred to as “MSM”) become infected with high-risk groups, education screening should be strengthened.