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Accurate registration of chest radiographs plays an increasingly important role in medical applications.However,most current intensity-based registration methods rely on the assumption of intensity conservation that is not suitable for alignment of chest radiographs.In this study,we propose a novel algorithm to match chest radiographs,for which the conventional residual complexity (RC) is modified as the similarity measure and the cubic B-spline transformation is adopted for displacement estimation.The modified similarity measure is allowed to incorporate the neighborhood influence into variation of intensity in a justified manner of the weight,while the transformation is implemented with a registration framework of pyramid structure.The results show that the proposed algorithm is more accurate in registration of chest radiographs,compared with some widely used methods such as the sum-of-squared-differences (SSD),correlation coefficient (CC) and mutual information (MI) algorithms,as well as the conventional RC approaches.