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目的观察飞行人员早期动脉硬化情况,分析其相关危险因素。方法检测134例住院飞行人员肱-踝脉搏波传导速度(brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity,baPWV)、踝臂指数(ankle brachial index,ABI)和颈动脉内中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT),并与动脉硬化相关危险因素指标进行相关统计分析。结果歼击机与强击机组baPWV增高发生率明显高于其他机种组(P<0.05)。baPWV正常组与baPWV升高组间吸烟、年龄、血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、收缩压及舒张压差异显著(P<0.05);颈动脉正常组与颈动脉硬化组间甘油三酯、收缩压及舒张压差异显著(P<0.05)。将baPWV升高与相关临床危险因素间进行多因素相关分析显示,吸烟、高血糖、高胆固醇及高低密度脂蛋白血症、收缩压和舒张压升高是动脉僵硬度增高的独立危险因素(P<0.05);将颈动脉硬化与相关临床危险因素间进行多因素相关分析显示,收缩压升高是动脉僵硬度增高的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论飞行人员中有一定的动脉硬化发生率。吸烟、高血糖、高胆固醇及高低密度脂蛋白血症,尤其是血压升高对飞行人员动脉硬化发病有明显影响。
Objective To observe the early stage of arteriosclerosis in pilots and analyze the related risk factors. Methods The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), ankle brachial index (ABI) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured in 134 hospitalized pilots. , And correlated with the risk factors of arteriosclerosis related statistical analysis. Results The incidence of increased baPWV in fighter planes and attack planes was significantly higher than that in other planes (P <0.05). There were significant differences in smoking, age, blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, systolic pressure and diastolic blood pressure between the normal baPWV group and the baPWV increased group (P <0.05); between the normal carotid artery group and the carotid atherosclerosis group Triglyceride, systolic and diastolic blood pressure difference was significant (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis of relationship between elevated baPWV and related clinical risk factors showed that smoking, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and high-density lipoproteinemia, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were independent risk factors of arterial stiffness P <0.05). Multivariate correlation analysis between carotid atherosclerosis and related clinical risk factors showed that elevated systolic blood pressure was an independent risk factor for arterial stiffness (P <0.05). Conclusion There is a certain incidence of atherosclerosis among pilots. Smoking, hyperglycemia, high cholesterol and high-density lipoproteinemia, especially high blood pressure, have a significant impact on the incidence of atherosclerosis in pilots.