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相对于改革和发展而言,中国所处的现实背景表现为:(1)现在处在“四期叠加”阶段;(2)中国还没有走出经济增长低谷期;(3)处在正在崛起的关键和微妙阶段;(4)从中共十一届三中全会开始理论探索和实践,到十四大确定经济体制改革的目标:建立社会主义市场经济体制。我们应该理性认识现实背景、勿忘改革初心、审时度势,朝着既定的目标,对国有企业继续深化改革。“现实背景”昭示了现阶段中国国有经济的定位不能走向两个极端,必须合理和科学:既得有符合市场经济一般规律的存在空间,还得有符合中国特殊阶段性的特殊存在空间,即对一些竞争性却关系国计民生的领域必须有所控制。国有经济的现状是:覆盖面太广、与民争利和挤出民营资本、一定程度上滋养腐败、经营效率低下。现阶段国有企业改革的方向不能偏离建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制这个总目标。改革的重点内容或主要任务,依照逻辑和先后顺序分为:首先对现有的企业国有资产或有国有资产的企业进行科学分类,确定哪些该留下、哪些该退出;然后,国有资产该退出的坚决退出,相关的国有或国有控股企业改制或转让;最后才是必须保留的企业国有资产的管理体制改革和国有及国有控股企业的公司治理结构改革。改革的主要困难主要是:(1)最大的困难是利益集团的阻挠;(2)对国有和国有控股企业(包括各类平台公司、运营公司)坚持党的领导问题,在认识上有偏差。
Compared with the reform and development, China’s current background shows as follows: (1) it is in the phase of “four superpositions”; (2) China has not yet out of the economic slowdown period; (3) (4) From the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China began theoretical exploration and practice, to the 14th National Congress to determine the goal of economic restructuring: the establishment of a socialist market economic system. We should rationally understand the real context, do not forget the beginning of the reform, review the situation and work towards the stated goal of continuing to deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises. “Realistic Background ” shows that at this stage, the orientation of China’s state-owned economy can not go to the two extremes, and must be rational and scientific. It must have both room for existence in conformity with the general laws of the market economy and special existence in line with China’s special stage, That is, some areas that are competitive but have a bearing on the national economy and the people’s livelihood must be controlled. The status quo of state-owned economy is: the coverage is too wide, competing for profits with the people and squeezing out private capital, to a certain extent, nourishing corruption and operating inefficiently. The direction of SOE reform at this stage can not deviate from the general goal of establishing and improving the socialist market economic system. The key contents or major tasks of the reform are divided according to the order of logic and priority. Firstly, the existing enterprise state-owned assets or enterprises with state-owned assets are scientifically classified to determine which ones should be left behind and which ones should be withdrawn. Then, the state-owned assets should be withdrawn The state-owned or state-controlled enterprises or the state-owned or state-controlled enterprises, and finally the reform of the state-owned assets management system and the reform of the corporate governance structure of state-owned and state-controlled enterprises that must be preserved. The main difficulties of the reform are: (1) The biggest difficulty is the obstruction of interest groups; (2) There is a misunderstanding about the adherence of the state-owned and state-controlled enterprises (including various platform companies and operating companies) to the party’s leadership.