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20世纪30年代,中国的教育正处于一场大变革时期,无论是政府中人还是一般教育者都试图对变革有所影响。文实之争正是在这一背景下发生的。论争首先发生于广州,1932年5月19日,邹鲁等政要提出在广州各大学“停办文法科或减少数量”,由此在广州《民国日报》现代青年栏引发了讨论。相差仅11天,陈果夫也向国民党中央提出了“十年之内停办文法科”的教育改革方案,此后围绕着是否应该“抑文重实”发生了全国性的讨论。这场貌似简单的关于一条具体教育改革措施的论争,实际上隐含着非常丰富的内容,诸如社会问题的解决、国难的因应、地方和中央之争、自由知识分子与国民党之争等无一不在其中。梳理纷纭,揭示细故,既可再现当时教育变革的场景,又可发现隐藏在教育中的历史。
In the 1930s, education in China was in a period of great change. Both mid-government and average educators tried to influence the change. It is in this context that the real-life controversy took place. The controversy first took place in Guangzhou. On May 19, 1932, Zou Lu and other dignitaries proposed that all universities in Guangzhou should “stop or stop the number of grammar divisions,” thereby triggering discussions in the Modern Youth Column of the “Republic Daily” in Guangzhou. A difference of only 11 days, Chen Guofu also proposed to the KMT Central Committee “within ten years to stop the grammar” educational reform program, since then there should be “scrutiny” whether a national debate occurred. The seemingly simple debate on a specific education reform measures in fact implies a very rich content, such as the solution of social problems, the response to the national crisis, the dispute between the local government and the Central Government, the dispute between the free intellectuals and the Kuomintang, etc. Not in it Combing divergent views, revealing the details, can reproduce the scene of educational reform at the time, but also found hidden in the history of education.