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文学批评生态即文学批评的生存状态,主要指涉20世纪90年代以来文学批评的内部机能性失调。就当前文学批评的整体生态而言,视野宏阔、方法多元、媒体便捷是其基本特征,但也存在明显的问题。概言之,突出的问题主要表现在五个方面:思想贫乏,言之无物;自说自话,无的放矢;好人主义,廉价吹捧;山头意识,排斥异己;消费趣味,盲从时尚。鉴于此,有必要切实践行以下矫正思路:一是关注当下,强化批评的现实性;二是面向文本,增进批评的似真性;三是追求深度,恢复批评的功能性;四是回归理性,倡行批评的包容性;五是尊重个体,张扬批评的多样性。只有这样,才能保证批评生态建设的健康与可持续发展。
The critical state of literary criticism is the existence of literary criticism, which mainly refers to the internal dysfunction of literary criticism since the 1990s. As far as the overall ecology of current literary criticism is concerned, the broad field of vision, the diversified methods and the convenient media are the basic characteristics of the literary criticism. However, there are also obvious problems. In a word, the outstanding problems are mainly manifested in five aspects: lack of thought, nothing in words; self-talk, unsightly; good-natured, cheap touted; hill consciousness, excluding dissidents; consumer interest, blind obedience. In view of this, it is necessary to effectively practice the following corrective ideas: First, pay attention to the present, to strengthen the reality of criticism; second is to face the text, to improve the authenticity of criticism; third is the pursuit of depth, to restore the functionality of criticism; Fourth, return to reason, Advocacy and criticism of inclusion; Fifth, respect for individuals, publicize the diversity of criticism. Only in this way can we critically criticize the health and sustainable development of ecological construction.