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近代以来,侵权责任制度经历了三次重大的变迁,即过错责任原则代替结果责任原则,无过错责任原则的产生和扩张以及责任保险制度的发展。本文运用经济分析法学关于法律制度变迁的一般理论考察了侵权责任制度变迁的原因、机制其所产生的影响,在此基础上,对当代侵权法的危机进行了深入检讨。以过错责任原则为核心的当代侵权法,虽然在20世纪遭遇到了无过错责任原则和责任保险制度的极大挑战,但其终将化危机为利器,在21世纪继续保持强大的生命力。
Since the modern times, tort liability system has undergone three major changes: the principle of fault liability instead of the principle of result responsibility, the principle of faultless liability generation and expansion, and the development of liability insurance system. This article uses the general theory of economic analysis jurisprudence on the changes of legal system to examine the causes and mechanisms of the changes in the system of tort liability, and on this basis, carries out an in-depth review of the crisis of contemporary tort law. Although contemporary tort law centered on the principle of fault liability runs into great challenge in the 20th century with the principle of no-fault liability and liability insurance system, it will eventually turn the crisis into a weapon and maintain its strong vitality in the 21st century.