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目的掌握四川省阿坝州1958-2013年百日咳的流行病学特征,为制定有效控制策略提供科学依据。方法对阿坝州1958-2013年不同免疫阶段的百日咳流行病学特征进行分析。结果 56年共报告百日咳51 011例,死亡557例。根据疫苗接种状态分为4个阶段:疫苗接种前期(1958-1971年),年均发病率为327.40/10万,年均死亡率为5.97/10万;疫苗接种初期(1972-1983年),年均发病率为331.34/10万,年均死亡率为1.73/10万,发病未得到控制;疫苗接种完善期(1984-1996年),发病率和死亡率大幅度下降,年均发病率为7.81/10万,年均死亡率0.02/10万;疫苗接种规范期(1997-2013年),年均发病率为1.53/10万,年均死亡率0.02/10万。1975年发病率曾高达1 065.79/10万,2011年后每年发病率均降至1/10万以下。结论四川省阿坝州有效接种疫苗以后,百日咳发病率和死亡率已经大幅度下降,但进一步提高和保持高水平的百白破联合疫苗常规免疫接种率,并加强监测和传染源的管理工作仍然需要坚持。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of whooping cough in Aba prefecture of Sichuan province from 1958 to 2013, and to provide a scientific basis for effective control strategy. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in different immunization stages of Aba Prefecture from 1958 to 2013 were analyzed. Results A total of 51 011 cases of whooping cough were reported and 557 deaths were reported in 56 years. According to the state of vaccination, it is divided into four stages: the pre-vaccination period (1958-1971), the average annual incidence was 327.40 / 100000, the annual average mortality was 5.97 / 100000; early vaccination (1972-1983) The average annual incidence rate was 331.34 / lakh and the annual average mortality rate was 1.73 / lakh. The incidence was not controlled. The complete vaccination period (1984-1996) significantly reduced morbidity and mortality with an average annual incidence rate of 7.81 / 100000, with an annual average mortality of 0.02 / 100000; the standard of vaccination (1997-2013), the annual average incidence of 1.53 / 100000, the average annual death rate of 0.02 / 100000. The incidence rate in 1975 was as high as 1 065.79 / 100 000, and the annual incidence rate after 2011 dropped to below 1/100 000. Conclusions The incidence and mortality of whooping cough have dropped significantly since the effective vaccination in Aba County, Sichuan Province. However, it is still necessary to further improve and maintain the routine immunization rate of Baibai tai combination vaccine and to strengthen the monitoring and source management adhere to.