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针对石油工业中的蜡沉积问题,利用冷指实验装置研究了单相含蜡原油体系冷却液温度、油流温度和同一温差不同温度区间对蜡沉积规律的影响,得到了单相含蜡原油蜡沉积规律的宏观特性,并利用高温气相色谱(HTGC)装置分析沉积物组分的宏观变化。在相同油温条件下,随着冷却液温度的升高,蜡沉积速率减小而沉积物中高碳数组分比例增大;在相同冷却液温度条件下,随着油温从凝点附近增大至析蜡点以上,蜡沉积量先减小后增加最后再减小,沉积物中高碳数组分比例增大;在同一温差条件下,随着温度区间温度的升高,蜡沉积量的变化有波动但油温在析蜡点附近沉积量达到最大值,沉积物中高碳数组分比例一直增大。针对实际管流,环境温度基本恒定,通过升高入口油温减少沉积的发生,因此,在含蜡原油管输中,入口油温的选取对整个管输过程中蜡沉积的形成以及形成后的清理很重要。根据实验结果,入口油温不是越高越好,应保证入口油温低于析蜡点且整个管输过程中高于凝点5℃左右。(图6,参12)
Aiming at the problem of wax deposition in the petroleum industry, the influence of the coolant temperature, the oil flow temperature and the same temperature difference on the deposition of wax in single-phase waxy crude oil system was studied by using the cold finger experimental apparatus. Single-phase waxy crude wax The macroscopic characteristics of sedimentary regularity were also analyzed. The macroscopic changes of sediment composition were analyzed by HTGC. Under the condition of the same oil temperature, the wax deposition rate decreases and the proportion of high-carbon components in the deposits increases with the increase of the coolant temperature. With the same coolant temperature, as the oil temperature increases from near the freezing point, The wax deposition decreased first and then increased and then decreased, and the proportion of high-carbon components in the sediments increased. Under the same temperature difference, with the increase of temperature, the variation of wax deposition However, when the oil temperature reaches the maximum value near the wax precipitation point, the proportion of high-carbon components in sediments has been increasing. For the actual pipe flow, the ambient temperature is basically constant, by increasing the inlet oil temperature to reduce the occurrence of deposition, therefore, in the waxy crude oil pipelines, the inlet oil temperature on the entire process of wax deposition and the formation of wax deposition Cleaning is very important. According to the experimental results, the inlet oil temperature is not as high as possible, should ensure that the inlet oil temperature is below the waxing point and the entire tube is transported above the freezing point of about 5 ℃. (Figure 6, reference 12)