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安全需求是人权的基本内容之一。相对于工作、生活稳定的人群,流动人口的安全需求更为强烈。然而面对我国1.6亿之众的流动人口大军,我们的研究要么更多地将其放在对社会安全消极面上考量,要么在评价安全感时将其淡忘,从而导致了相关政策的偏向。事实上,流动人口在治安安全需求、职业保障安全需求、社会适应与日常安全需求等方面存在的问题相当严重。要改善流动人口安全需求,就必须调整相关公共政策:摒弃对流动人口的歧视性观念,善待流动人口;制定全国性的《流动人口服务与管理条例》;用流动人口落地登记替代暂住人口管理制度,改革用警察手段管理人口政策;进一步完善满足流动人口的职业保障安全需求方面的相关政策,实现政策体系的效能优化。
Security needs are one of the basic elements of human rights. Relative to the work and life stable population, the security needs of migrants more intense. However, with the large population of 160 million migrants in our country, our research either more focuses on the negative aspects of social security or wears it off when evaluating the sense of security, which leads to the bias of relevant policies. In fact, the floating population has serious problems in the areas of law and order security requirements, job security needs, social adaptation and daily security needs. To improve the security needs of floating population, we must adjust the relevant public policies: abandon the discriminatory concept of floating population and treat the floating population; formulate the national “Regulations on the Service and Management of Floating Population”; replace the temporary population management with the floating population registration System and reform to manage the population policy by means of police; and further improve the relevant policies on meeting the occupational safety and security needs of the floating population so as to optimize the efficiency of the policy system.