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近年来包膜活性炭被用于血液灌流以迅速清除血液中的内源性及外源性毒素,其临床应用已日渐广泛。在此基础上,又发展了用免疫性吸附剂及固相酶作血液灌流以治疗免疫性疾病、先天性酶缺乏症及某些淋巴肉瘤,正在引起人们的注意。目前,国外已有多种高分子聚合物用作活性炭的包膜材料,临床上使用较多的有醋酸纤维素、硝酸纤维素(火棉胶)和聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙基酯等。1977年以来,国内也有聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙基酯或明胶戊二醛交联包膜活性炭血液灌流的实验和临床使用。
In recent years, coated activated carbon has been used in hemoperfusion to rapidly remove endogenous and exogenous toxins from blood, and its clinical application has been increasingly widespread. On this basis, the development of immunoadsorbents and solid-phase enzymes for hemoperfusion to treat autoimmune diseases, congenital enzyme deficiency and certain lympho-sarcomas is attracting people’s attention. At present, many kinds of macromolecular polymers have been used as enveloping materials for activated carbon abroad. Cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate) and poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) are widely used clinically. Since 1977, there are also experimental and clinical use of polyacrylamide hydrogel cross-linked activated carbon coated with hydroxyethyl methacrylate or gelatin glutaraldehyde.