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2019年12月，新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）在湖北武汉暴发，并迅速蔓延至全国各地。因COVID-19所致肺损伤和修复过程与间质性肺疾病（ILD）发病、进展有诸多相似之处，COVID-19与部分新发ILD、其他原因导致的ILD加重鉴别困难。临床医生需要综合分析流行病史、发病特点、临床表现、影像特征、血清学和病原学检测结果做出准确判断。鉴于此，本文将针对大家关注的有关COVID-19与ILD的诊断鉴别相关问题进行探讨，并且对ILD合并COVID-19患者的综合管理提出相应参考建议。“,”In December 2019, a new type of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, and spread rapidly to China. The lung injury and repair caused by COVID-19 has many similarities with the onset and progression of interstitial lung disease (ILD) . Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish between COVID-19 and some types of new-onset ILD or other causes leading to acute exacerbation of ILD. Clinicians need to comprehensively analyze the epidemic history, disease onset characteristics, clinical manifestations, image characteristics, serological andpathogenic microorganism test results to confirm diagnosis. Because of this, the article will discuss the issues related to the differential diagnosis and management of COVID-19 and ILD, and try to provide reasonable suggestions.