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为了降低集约化种植制度下华北平原农田硝酸盐的淋失,该研究选择华北平原高产粮区,开展了为期2 a(2006-2008年)的田间试验,试验设计了2个灌溉处理(常规灌溉处理和基于土壤水分实时监控的优化灌溉处理)和2个施氮处理(传统施氮处理和优化施氮处理),利用张力计结合土壤溶液提取器对土体2 m处的水分和硝酸盐通量进行了监测和计算。研究结果显示,在相同施氮条件下,优化灌溉能够有效降低农田水分的渗漏量,渗漏量仅为传统灌溉渗漏量的50%左右。优化施氮能够有效降低2.1 m土体硝态氮含量,在相同灌溉条件下2.1 m土体硝态氮的残留量都在传统施氮的60%以下,而灌溉方式对硝态氮累积的影响不大。优化水氮管理相比传统水氮管理氮素的淋失量下降了60%,淋失率也下降了50%左右,粮食产量略有提高。
In order to reduce the leaching of nitrate in agricultural land in the North China Plain under an intensive planting system, the study selected a 2-year (2006-2008) field experiment in the high-yielding grain-growing area of the North China Plain. Two irrigation treatments Treatment and optimized irrigation control based on real-time monitoring of soil moisture) and two nitrogen application (traditional nitrogen application and optimized nitrogen application), the use of tension meter combined with soil solution extractor on the soil 2 m of water and nitrate through The amount was monitored and calculated. The results showed that under the same nitrogen application conditions, optimized irrigation can effectively reduce the leakage of farmland water, the leakage is only about 50% of the traditional irrigation leakage. Optimized nitrogen application can effectively reduce the nitrate nitrogen content in 2.1 m soil, and the residual nitrate nitrogen in 2.1 m soil under the same irrigation conditions is below 60% of the traditional nitrogen application, but the effect of irrigation on the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen Not big. Optimized water and nitrogen management compared to conventional water and nitrogen management of nitrogen loss decreased by 60%, leaching rate dropped by about 50%, slightly increased grain output.