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竞技运动与生俱来的竞争性、拼搏性使其具有压力的特征。通常情况下,赛事级别越高,奖金越丰厚,对手越强悍,运动员在比赛中的压力就越大。随着现代竞技体育的飞速发展,竞技体育竞争性的逐渐增强,赛事级别的日益提高,高额奖金的不断诱惑以及竞技体育与政治、经济关系的日趋紧密,运动员参与竞赛时所体验到的高压力也是前所未有的。因此,在高级别的体育竞赛中,运动员的心理因素对于竞赛成绩来说就显得至关重要。詹纳是1976年第21届加拿大蒙特利尔奥运会十项全能金牌的获得者,他认为:“奥林匹克的比赛,对运动员来说,20%是身体方面的竞技,80%是心理上的挑战。”卡尔·刘易斯也说过:“奥运会是百分之百的精神较量,因为身体上已没有什么可以挑剔的了。”由此可见,心理因素对奥运会奖牌的影响有多大。
Athletic sports are inherently competitive and competitive, making them stressful. Under normal circumstances, the higher the level of the event, the more generous bonuses, the more tough opponents, athletes in the game the greater the pressure. With the rapid development of modern competitive sports, the competitiveness of competitive sports is gradually increasing, the level of events is increasing, the temptation of high bonuses and the increasingly close relationship between competitive sports and politics and economy, the high experience of athletes participating in the competition Pressure is unprecedented. Therefore, in the high-level sports competition, the psychological factors of the athletes are very important for the competition achievements. Jenner is the winner of the Decathlon Gold medal at the XXIX Montreal World Games in 1976 in 1976. “Olympic competition is a 20% physical challenge for athletes and 80% psychological challenge.” “Karl Lewis also said:” The Olympic Games are 100% spiritual because there is nothing critical about the body. "Thus, the psychological factors that affect the Olympic medal is how much.