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过去的几十年里采矿生产率飞速提高,其主要原因是资本密集度的提高和大型高质量矿藏的开采。作为世界采矿工业的一部分,铁矿石生产也遵循了类似的发展路线。钢铁生产的科技进步提高了对铁矿石质量的要求,并迫使矿石生产商降低铁矿石中杂质的含量,提高全铁品位。这样的发展对澳大利亚、巴西和印度的铁矿石生产商来说非常有利。中国的铁矿石生产商生意兴隆,因为他们占有地利(与快速扩张的中国钢铁工业距离更近)。按照已知的产能扩张计划,铁矿石供应的紧张形势可能在2008年结束。这对不同生产商的影响是不一样的,影响的大小取决于运费率和合同价格的精确组合。中国生产商与澳大利亚、巴西的大生产商是利益相背的。
The rapid increase in mining productivity over the past few decades is mainly due to the increase in capital intensity and the extraction of large, high-quality deposits. As part of the world mining industry, iron ore production follows a similar path of development. Scientific and technological advances in steel production have raised the demand for iron ore quality and forcing ore producers to reduce the amount of impurities in iron ore and improve the overall iron grade. Such developments are very beneficial to iron ore producers in Australia, Brazil and India. Chinese iron ore producers are thriving because of their geographical location (closer to China’s rapidly expanding steel industry). According to the known capacity expansion plan, the tight iron ore supply situation may be concluded in 2008. The impact on different producers is not the same, the size of the impact depends on the exact combination of freight rates and contract prices. Chinese manufacturers and Australia, Brazil’s big producers are contrary to the interests.