论文部分内容阅读
前言近几年来我国旅客运输一直处于全面持续紧张的局面,行路难、乘车难已成为突出的社会问题。全面是指铁路、公路、水路和民航等各种运输方式都紧张,其中铁路的压力尤大,全国旅客列车一般超员40%,最高达110%;持续指一年中四季以及相当长的一段时期内都紧张。造成客运紧张的原因,一方面是国民经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,对旅行的需求急剧上升。特别是党的十一届三中全会以来,农村经济发展很快,城乡交往频繁,探亲旅游,外出做工经商的人数迅速增加,客流量猛增。另一方面是客运能力严重不足,技术装备落后,客运设施数量少,质量差,与激增的需求极不适应。除此之外,客运结构的不尽合理也加剧了客运的紧张。例如铁路100公里左右的客运量占70%左右(铁路1983年管内运量占
Preface In recent years, China’s passenger transport has been in a situation of sustained and comprehensive tension. Difficulty in traveling and difficult transportation has become a prominent social issue. Comprehensive means that railways, highways, waterways and civil aviation and other modes of transport are nervous, of which the railway pressure is particularly large, the national passenger trains generally over 40%, up to 110%; continued to refer to the four seasons and a long period of time Tension inside. The reason for the passenger tensions is that on the one hand, the development of the national economy and the improvement of people’s living standard have sharply increased the demand for travel. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Party Central Committee in particular, the rural economy has developed rapidly with frequent urban-rural contacts, visits to relatives and tourism, the rapid increase in the number of people who go out for business and work, and the surge in traffic. On the other hand, there is a serious lack of passenger capacity, outdated technical equipment, a small number of passenger transport facilities, poor quality and a surge in demand. In addition, the passenger structure of the unreasonable also exacerbated the tension of the passenger transport. For example, about 100 km of the railway passenger traffic accounted for about 70% (railway 1983 tube traffic accounted for