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一、引 言 正射影象地形图是测绘领域新近发展起来的一种新型地图,它包含有正射投影的影象、等高线和必要的图例符号,具有信息丰富、直观逼真、而又能在它上面直接测量距离、测读高程和采集工程设计所需要的各种数据资料的特点,因而受到工程设计部门的欢迎和重视。据有关资料介绍,这种图在国外生产和使用越来越广泛。如在美国,影象地图大量地用于荒漠地区,他们认为在沙漠、沼泽地区作外业特别困难,而这些地区又往往急于开发,因此生产和使用这种图比较方便和适用;在瑞典,使用影象地图也比较多,主要用以测制1/1万的经济地图;在加拿大和奥地利,还提倡立体影象地图,南美洲的哥伦比亚,大规模地发展立体影象地图。在我国,影象地形图在城建部门的规划设计中也获得了应用。
I. INTRODUCTION Orthophoto topographic map is a new type of map newly developed in the field of surveying and mapping. It contains the images of orthographic projection, contour lines and the necessary legend symbols. It is informative, intuitive and vivid, It directly above the distance measurement, reading elevation and collection of engineering data required for the design of the characteristics of the data, so by the engineering department welcome and attention. According to relevant information, this kind of map is more and more widely used in foreign countries. For example, in the United States, image maps are widely used in desert areas. They consider that it is particularly difficult to conduct their business in deserts and swamp areas, and these areas are often eager to develop. Therefore, it is more convenient and applicable to produce and use such maps. In Sweden, There are also more map images used to measure the economic map of 1/10000. In Canada and Austria, three-dimensional image maps and Columbia in South America are also being promoted to develop stereoscopic image maps on a large scale. In our country, the image topographic map has also been applied in the planning and design of the urban construction department.