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一、世界科技发展特点 综观世界科技发展,主要有如下特点:一是科学技术转化为现实生产力的速度明显加快。据专家估算,最近30年,世界发明和发现相当于过去2000年取得成果的总和。科技成果转化为现实生产力,转化为经济效益的周期愈来愈短,18世纪为100年,19世纪为50年,二战后为7年。近年来,在微型计算机等领域仅隔6个月左右就有一代新产品问世,科技在经济增长中所占的比重,20世纪初为5～20％,70年代为50～70％,80年代以后,发达国家经济增长中科技的作用已占80～90％。科学家预测,在90年代后,以微电子技术、新材料技术和生物技术为主导的高新技术将取得重大突破,并将对世界经济发展和各国综合国力的
I. Characteristics of the World's Scientific and Technological Development Looking at the development of science and technology in the world, the major features are as follows: First, the speed at which science and technology are transformed into productive forces has accelerated markedly. According to expert estimates, the world's inventions and discoveries have amounted to the sum of the achievements made in the past two decades in the last 30 years. The cycle of transforming scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces into economic benefits has been getting shorter and shorter, with 100 years in the 18th century, 50 years in the 19th century and 7 years after World War II. In recent years, a generation of new products has come into existence in the field of microcomputers only about six months. The share of science and technology in economic growth has been 5-20% in the early 20th century, 50-70% in the 1970s, Since then, the role of science and technology in economic growth in developed countries has accounted for 80 ~ 90%. Scientists predict that after the 1990s, major breakthroughs will be made in high-tech technologies that are dominated by microelectronics, new materials and biotechnology, and will make major breakthroughs in the development of the world economy and the overall national strength of all countries