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排异反应的发生机理目前认为,个体在遗传学上的差异是肾移植排异反应发生的基础。在人体细胞的23对染色体中,在第6对染色体的短臂上,具有决定机体免疫状态的遗传基因。它们以一定的遗传规律,按一定的遗传方式世代相传,控制着细胞膜上相应的组织相容抗原,决定了不同个体各自的免疫特异性。因此,除同孪双生子女之间的相互移植外,由于受肾和供肾者之间的抗原性不同,机体不可避免地要对作为异性抗原的移植肾产生排异反应。移植肾进入休内后,首先使机休致敏,推测通过下列三条途径:(1)可溶性异体细胞抗原随血流从移植肾内溢出,进入宿主体循环。(2)宿主本身的免疫活性细胞流经移植肾时,接触血管内皮后被激
The mechanism of rejection The current view that the genetic differences in individuals is the basis of renal transplant rejection. In 23 pairs of chromosomes of human cells, on the short arm of chromosome 6, there is a gene that determines the immune status of the organism. They use a certain genetic law, according to a certain genetic method from generation to generation, control the corresponding histocompatibility antigen on the cell membrane, determines the individual immune specificity of different individuals. Therefore, besides the mutual transplantation between twins, due to the different antigenicity between the kidney and the donor, the body will inevitably have a rejection reaction on the transplanted kidney as the opposite antigen. Transplanted kidney into Hugh, the first to make the machine sensitized, presumed to pass the following three ways: (1) soluble allogenic antigen with the blood flow from the transplanted renal overflow into the host body circulation. (2) When the host’s own immune-activated cells flow through the graft kidney, they are exposed to the vascular endothelium