论文部分内容阅读
严复是近代中国最早系统译介西方自由观念的启蒙思想家。严复在译述自由观念过程中除比较忠实地遵循穆勒关于自由的原义外,还有一些自己的创造,诸如以“自繇”取代自由,并以“群己权界说”界定自由;借用“特操”这一传统术语以强调“个性”和“个体自由”的价值;提出并运用“国群自由”这一概念,重视其现实功能等。这些诸多创造,虽留有对传统儒学依傍的痕迹,但主要却反映出严复对西方近代功利主义自由学说的融会贯通。严复对西方自由理念的把握不是局部和细枝末节的,而是整体和系统的。因而那种认为严复在译介自由观念时割裂了穆勒《论自由》的本义,并进而认为,正是这种对穆勒原义的背离才导致了自由主义的观念在近代中国失败的说法,是牵强的。
Yan Fu was the earliest Chinese thinker who systematically translated and introduced Western ideas of freedom. In addition to his more faithful adherence to Mill’s original notion of freedom, Yan Fu had some of his own creations in the process of translating the concept of freedom, such as replacing freedom with “self-proclaimed” and defining freedom with “ To borrow the traditional terminology of ”special operation“ to emphasize the value of ”individuality“ and ”individual freedom“; to propose and apply the concept of ”national freedom“ and attach importance to its realistic functions. Although many traces of these traditional Confucianism have been left behind, many of these creations mainly reflect Yan Fu’s integration of the liberalism of Western modern utilitarianism. Yan Fu’s grasping of the concept of freedom in the West is not partial or detail, but holistic and systematic. Therefore, Yan believes that in the translation and introduction of freedom concept, Yan Fu separates Muller’s original meaning of ”freedom" and further argues that it is this departure from Mill’s original meaning that led to the failure of the concept of liberalism in modern China Is far-fetched