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采区上方的地表水平变形在解决建筑物下开采时起着重要的作用。这种变形的计算精度决定着所采取的保护措施的费用和效果。移动盆地内各点的水平变形按下式计算式中η_m—移动盆地内的最大下沉,米; L—半盆地长度,米; F′(z)、S′(z)、S″(z)—水平变形、倾斜和曲率的典型分布函数; P—与煤层倾角和表土层厚度有关的系数。括号内第一项表示岩层向上山方向水平错动;第二项表示岩层垂直弯曲。关系式(1)是在开采深度比较小和地表初次采动的情况下求得的。实践表明,在目前顿巴斯的条件下,这个关系式由于两个原因的影响而改变了。它们是采深加大和已往的回采使覆岩破坏。在关系式(1)
Surface deformation above the mining area plays an important role in solving the problem of mining under buildings. The accuracy of this deformation determines the cost and effectiveness of the protective measures taken. The horizontal deformation at each point within the moving basin is calculated as follows: η_m - max. Subsidence in the moving basin, m; length of the L-half basin, m; F’z, S’z, S’z ) - Typical distribution function of horizontal deformation, inclination and curvature P - Coefficient related to coal seam dip and topsoil thickness The first term in the parenthesis indicates that the rock formation is horizontally displaced uphill and the second term indicates vertical rock formation. (1) was obtained at a relatively small depth of extraction and surface mining at first, and practice shows that at the present conditions of Donbass the relationship has changed for two reasons: Increasing and previous mining led to the destruction of overlying strata. In relation (1)