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[目的]探讨综合医院8年医院感染的动态变化,为预防与控制医院感染提供科学依据。[方法]采用回顾性分析,根据卫生部医院感染监控小组确定的标准,对我院2000～2007年74638例住院病人中发生的1991例医院感染病例进行临床流行病学研究。[结果]2000～2007年医院感染的发病率平均为2.67%(1991/74638),其中2000年最高为3.89%(289/7428),2007年最低为1.79%(239/13379)。血液科医院感染发病率最高为15.24%(279/1831),其次为中心ICU8.41%(151/1795),五官科最低为0.50%(28/5608)。医院感染发生部位以呼吸道为主(上呼吸道占40.52%,下呼吸道占22.03%),其次为泌尿系统(11.35%)和切口(10.15%)。[结论]加强医护人员医院感染知识的培训,规范医护人员手部卫生,严格执行无菌操作,合理使用抗生素药物,减少侵入性操作是降低医院感染的有效措施。
[Objective] To investigate the dynamic changes of nosocomial infection in general hospitals for eight years and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of nosocomial infections. [Methods] With retrospective analysis, according to the criteria set by the Hospital Infection Monitoring Group of Ministry of Public Health, clinical epidemiological studies on 1991 hospital-acquired cases of 74,638 inpatients from 2000 to 2007 in our hospital were conducted. [Results] The average incidence of nosocomial infections in 2000-2007 was 2.67% (1991/74638), with the highest in 2000 being 3.89% (289/7428) and the lowest in 2007 being 1.79% (239/13379). The highest incidence of hematological hospital infection was 15.24% (279/1831), followed by central ICU 8.41% (151/1795) and ENT 0.50% (28/5608). Nosocomial infections occurred mainly in the respiratory tract (upper respiratory tract accounted for 40.52%, lower respiratory tract accounted for 22.03%), followed by the urinary system (11.35%) and incision (10.15%). [Conclusion] It is an effective measure to strengthen the training of hospital infection knowledge for medical staff, standardize hand hygiene of medical staff, strictly enforce aseptic operation, use antibiotics reasonably and reduce invasive operation to reduce nosocomial infection.