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由于饱和烃对化学试剂稳定,烷烃化学发展得比较缓慢。烷烃的氯化,过去常以烷烃的混合物如石蜡、煤油为对象,希望得到溶剂或进一步水解成混合醇,作为工业原料。用纯粹单一烷烃进行氯化规律的探讨,报道的比较不多。有些结果的解释,从现在的观点看,也有问题。烷烃氯化,一般都是自由基反应历程。自由基活性高,碰撞到烷烃碳链上任何氢原子,都能发生反应。通常从电子云密度出发的所谓活性按叔>仲>伯的次序,是离子型亲电反应规律,不能用来讨论自由基型反应。影响自由基型取代反应的,是位阻效应和机遇统计等因素。
As saturated hydrocarbons are stable to chemical agents, alkane chemistry develops more slowly. Alkane chlorination, the past often a mixture of alkanes such as paraffin, kerosene as the object, hope to get a solvent or further hydrolysis into mixed alcohol, as industrial raw materials. Chlorinated with purely a single alkane to discuss the law, reported relatively small. Some explanations of the results, from the current point of view, there are problems. Alkanes chlorinated, are generally free radical reaction process. High free radical activity, collision to the carbon chain of any hydrogen atoms, can react. In general, the so-called activity starting from electron cloud density is in the order of tertiary> secondary> primary, and is an ionic electrophilic reaction that can not be used to discuss free radical reactions. The impact of free radical substitution reaction, steric effect and opportunity statistics and other factors.