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抗小麦瘿蚊[Mayetiola destructor(Say)]的 Marquillo 小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)已有效地用于培育品种达30多年。从前虽对它的抗性遗传基础做过分析,但尚未有定论。本试验目的在于确定Marquillo 的抗性在苗期表达的最适温度,控制抵抗小麦瘿蚊 D 生物型的基因数目以及它的抗性基因与其它抗性基因的关系。试验利用了小麦瘿蚊的 D 生物型和后代苗期抗性的标准分析法。Marquillo 的抗性在16℃下表达最好。在它与对瘿蚊敏感的材料杂交的组合中,在16℃下控制抗性的为一对部分显性基因。在它与小麦品种 Luso 杂交后的 F2植株中,它的抗性表现与抗瘿蚊的 H12基因不同而且是独立遗传的。已知的显性和染色体组关系亦可表明,Marqinllo 的基因与其它所有抗 D 生物型的基因都不同。
Marquillo wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) resistant to Mayetiola destructor (Say) has been used effectively to breed for more than 30 years. Although the genetic basis of its resistance has been analyzed, it has not yet been conclusive. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the optimal temperature for Marquillo resistance expression at seedling stage, to control the number of genes that are resistant to the D. pygmaeus D biotype and the relationship between its resistance genes and other resistance genes. The test utilized a standard analysis of the D biotypes of wheat gall midge mosquito and the resistance of the offspring at seedling stage. Marquillo’s resistance is best expressed at 16 ° C. In its combination with hybrids susceptible to gall midge mosquitoes, the resistance is controlled at 16 ° C as a pair of partially dominant genes. In F2 plants that crossed with the wheat cultivar Luso, its resistance was different from that of the anti-mosquito mosquito H12 gene and was independently inherited. Known dominant and genomic relationships also indicate that Marqinllo’s gene differs from all other anti-D biotype genes.