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近来,大型汽轮机在大修后或热态启动过程中,陆续发生一些大轴弯曲事故,此类事故性质恶劣,修复期长,应充分注意防止。那末,究竟产生大轴永久弯曲的原因是什么?与径向摩擦引起的振动关系怎样?本文试以大型机组为例,从实践和理论两个方面探讨其关系。一、大型汽轮机启动过程中摩擦振动实例大港电厂1号机(意大利32万千瓦汽轮机组),高中压缸为合缸结构,低压缸双排汽,其通流间隙轴向颇大,径向较小,在启动过程中容易发生径向摩擦振动,又因中、低压缸之间蒸汽联通管装配不良,膨胀受阻,致使汽缸变形等影响,造成摩擦振动打闸停机达十数次之多,历时20余天,在此期间测取并收集了一些比较典型的摩擦振动的数据和情况,分下述几种情况逐一叙述。
Recently, some major shaft bending accidents occur successively after the overhaul or hot start-up of large-scale steam turbines. Such accidents are of a bad nature with a long repair period and should be given full attention to prevent them. So, what causes the permanent bending of the large shaft? What is the relationship with the vibration caused by the radial friction? In this paper, taking the large-scale unit as an example, the paper discusses the relationship from two aspects of practice and theory. First, large-scale steam turbine during the friction vibration example Dagang Power Plant 1 (Italy 320,000 kilowatts turbine), high pressure cylinder for the cylinder structure, low pressure cylinder double exhaust, the flow gap axial quite large, radial Small, prone to radial friction and vibration in the start-up process, but also due to poor connection between the middle and low pressure cylinder steam pipe, expansion hindered, resulting in deformation of the cylinder, resulting in friction and vibration opening and closing shut down up to several times, More than 20 days, in the meantime measured and collected some of the more typical data on the friction and vibration conditions, the following several cases one by one narrative.