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目的了解甘肃省白银市突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征及网络直报现状。方法从《突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统》中获取网络直报数据,运用Excel和SPSS14.0软件进行统计分析。结果2004-2008年,全市报告突发公共卫生事件61起,发病5661例,死亡26例。其中,Ⅳ级51起(83.61%),Ⅲ级9起(14.75%),Ⅱ级1起(1.64%),无Ⅰ级。事件类型以传染病暴发为主,占83.61%,主要流行病种是流行性腮腺炎、流行性感冒、风疹、水痘;职业中毒占8.20%,其等级高,危害重。各县(区)中,靖远县(31.15%)、会宁县(27.87%)事件数最多;3-6月、10-12月为两个高峰期,占88.52%;学校为高发场所,占85.25%,学生占全部病例的93.98%。2004年以来,事件信息报告的及时性、准确性和完整性均有较大提高,但“发生-报告”间隔时间一直超过1d,与国家要求差距较大。结论提高突发事件报告的及时性,加强传染病防控与学校基础设施建设,有效防范企业工人职业中毒,是当前卫生应急工作的重点。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies and the status quo of direct online reporting in Baiyin City, Gansu Province. Methods Direct online reporting data was obtained from “Public Health Incident Management Information System”, and the data were analyzed by Excel and SPSS14.0 software. Results From 2004 to 2008, the city reported 61 public health emergencies, with 5661 cases and 26 deaths. Among them, grade Ⅳ 51 (83.61%), grade Ⅲ 9 (14.75%), grade Ⅱ 1 (1.64%), no grade Ⅰ. The main types of incidents were infectious disease outbreaks, accounting for 83.61%. The main epidemic diseases were mumps, influenza, rubella and chickenpox. Occupational poisoning accounted for 8.20% of the total, with high rank and serious harm. Among the counties (districts), Jingyuan County (31.15%) and Huining County (27.87%) had the highest number of incidents; from March to June and from October to December, they were two peak periods, accounting for 88.52%; schools were high-risk places, accounting for 85.25%, students accounted for 93.98% of all cases. Since 2004, the reporting of incident information has greatly improved the timeliness, accuracy and completeness. However, the interval between “occurrence - report” has been more than 1d, which is far from the national requirements. Conclusion It is the focus of current health emergency to improve the timeliness of emergency reports, strengthen the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the construction of school infrastructures, and effectively prevent the occupational poisonings of enterprise workers.