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目的观察基于自我效能理论的学龄期哮喘患儿的自我管理干预对改善患儿的自我管理行为及健康结局的有效性。方法选取医院儿科门诊就诊的7~11岁哮喘患儿82例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组41例。对照组予以常规干预和健康教育,观察组在对照组基础上予以自我效能理论指导的自我管理方案对患儿进行干预。比较2组干预前和干预3个月后病情(每月哮喘发作次数、急诊次数)、自我管理评分及生活质量评分。结果干预后,2组自我管理行为和生活质量评分均高于干预前,每月哮喘发作次数、急诊次数低于干预前(P<0.05或P<0.01);观察组自我管理行为和生活质量评分高于对照组,每月哮喘发作次数、急诊次数低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论基于自我效能理论的学龄期哮喘患儿的自我管理干预可提高患儿的哮喘控制水平、自我管理行为和生活质量。
Objective To observe the effectiveness of self-management intervention in children with school-age asthma based on self-efficacy theory in improving children’s self-management behavior and health outcomes. Methods Totally 82 children with asthma aged 7 to 11 who were treated in pediatric outpatient department of hospital were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 41 cases in each group. The control group was given routine intervention and health education. The observation group was given self-management self-management theory based on the control group. The condition (number of asthma attacks per month, number of emergency), self-management score and quality of life score were compared before and 3 months after intervention. Results After intervention, the self-management behaviors and quality of life scores of two groups were higher than those before intervention, the number of asthma attacks per month and the number of emergency cases were lower than those before intervention (P <0.05 or P <0.01), and the self-management behaviors and quality of life scores Higher than the control group, the monthly asthma attacks, the number of emergency visits was lower than the control group (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusions Self-management intervention in preschool-aged asthmatic children based on self-efficacy theory can improve asthma control, self-management behavior and quality of life in children.