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所谓“看护”一词,虽说原来是从英语的“care”由来的,但是在日本,现在这个词作为福利服务或社会服务的同义词而被广泛地应用。再者,从“人是需要人去支撑的”这层广义上来讲,该词也被更普遍地应用在社会生活中。在以农业为基础的传统社会中,地域共同体以及大家族提供了形式多样的“看护”。但随着城市化、工业化的推进,社会经济走向成熟,曾经在地域之内存有的人与人的相互联系逐步弱化,取而代之的则是以社会保障制度为中心的公共服务事业的出现。社会上与“看护”相关的各种职业应运而生,同时围绕这一问题也产生了各种新的论述课题。在此,把日本与中国、韩国的比较,“‘亚细亚型看护模式’可否存在”等令人关注的话题囊括在内,围绕关于“看护”的几个新课题将展开论述。具体到:(1)终末期看护;(2)“老人与儿童的统合看护”(内含世代间交流要素的看护);(3)与自然及精神性的脱俗要素相联系的看护。对上述话题展开的同时,日本、中国、韩国的相互比较及今后的展望也将尝试着在此进行考察。
The so-called “care” is derived from English “care”, but in Japan it is now widely used as a synonym for welfare services or social services. Furthermore, in the broad sense of the phrase “people are in need of support,” the term is also used more generally in social life. In traditional agrarian-based societies, the community of communities and the large families provide a variety of forms of “care”. However, with the advancing of urbanization and industrialization, the social economy has matured. The interdependence of people who existed in the region has gradually weakened. Instead, the emergence of public service undertaking centered on the social security system has taken place. Various occupations related to “nursing care” in society have come into being, and various new issues have also arisen around this issue. Here, the topics of concern such as the comparison of Japan with China and South Korea, and the existence of the “Asian-based model of care” are covered, and some new topics on “nursing care” will be discussed. Specific to: (1) end-of-care; (2) “nursing care of the elderly and children ” (containing the exchange of elements of care between generations); and (3) physical and spiritual deconstructive elements associated with the care. At the same time as the above topics unfold, Japan, China and South Korea will also make mutual visits and future prospects in this regard.