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信访制度是我国设立的独特的民意表达和权利申诉机制,同时承担了维持社会稳定的功能。面对信访数量持续增加,而执行效果不尽如人意的现状,本研究着重分析信访制度的可执行特点。本文以龙滩水电站库区移民信访工作为例,通过访谈和问卷调研发现三个影响信访执行效果的原因。①信访工作人员的执行意愿和机构的执行能力之间存在较大差距。信访工作人员虽然对机构的政治目标更为认同,但是同时认为这些目标具有很大的模糊性和执行难度;②信访机构在执行其“承办、协调、督促检查”等功能时需要的行政协调能力同机构职能设置之间存在差距,造成执行困难。减少差距的办法有两个,取消信访工作需要的行政协调功能,或者赋予信访机构实际行政协调能力。③公众对信访机构的功能期望和信访部门实际能力之间存在差距,这是造成信访的公众满意度下降的重要原因。
The petition system is a unique mechanism of public expression and right appeal set up by our country and undertakes the function of maintaining social stability at the same time. In the face of the continuous increase of the number of letters and visits, and the unsatisfactory implementation of the present situation, this study focuses on the analysis of the executable features of the letter and visit system. This paper takes the immigration petition work of Longtan Reservoir as an example. Through interview and questionnaire survey, we find three reasons that affect the effect of petition. ① There is a big gap between the implementation of petition staff and the executive ability of the institution. Although the letters and visits staff members more agree with the political goals of the organization, they also consider that these goals have great vagueness and difficulty in implementation. (2) Administrations required by the petitioning agencies in performing their functions such as “undertaking, coordinating, supervising and inspecting” There is a gap between the coordination capacity and the institutional function setting, resulting in implementation difficulties. There are two ways to reduce the gap, cancel the administrative coordination function required for the petition work, or give the petition authority the actual administrative coordination ability. ③ There is a gap between the public’s expectation on the function of petitioners and the actual ability of petitioners and deputies, which is an important reason for the drop in public satisfaction with petitioners.