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本文主要論點,乃運用先秦傳世文獻及出土文獻的記載,探討該時期中國醫學基礎理論形成的情形,並審視有何特徵。於兩周時期,醫雖已具備專門化、職業化的性質,然而在兩周社會中,仍未盡脱離古人巫醫之思想。换言之,當時專業醫療治病的知識,與迷信治療的方法常交織一繫,遂成爲古代巫者擔當的重要職責之一。由此亦可知,以巫術之法療疾的情形,尚普遍存在於周朝社會之中。因此,周代的醫療知識,仍然處於萌芽狀態,古樸幼稚,科學與謬誤參半。即使如此,於兩周時期,中國醫學基礎理論逐漸形成,即經脈學説、臟腑學説、藥物治病、針灸療法、養生之論等,並爲秦漢時期醫學基礎理論的蓬勃發展奠定基礎。因此,本文主要以上述五項重要特色爲主,對先秦中國醫學的基礎理論做考察與探討。
The main thesis of this article is to use the records of pre-Qin literature and unearthed literature to explore the formation of China’s medical basic theory in that period and examine its characteristics. During the two-week period, although the medical profession was specialized and professionalized, in the two-week society, the thoughts of the ancient witch doctors still remained unsolved. In other words, the knowledge of medical treatment at that time was often interwoven with the method of superstition treatment, which became one of the important duties that ancient wizards played. From this we can see that the treatment of diseases by the law of witchcraft is still prevalent in the Zhou Dynasty society. Therefore, the medical knowledge of the Zhou Dynasty is still in its infancy, naive, scientific and fallacious. Even so, in the two weeks, the basic theory of Chinese medicine was gradually formed, that is, meridian theory, viscera theory, medical treatment, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, and the theory of regimen and laid the foundation for the vigorous development of medical basic theory during the Qin and Han dynasties. Therefore, this article mainly focuses on the above five important features and makes a survey and discussion on the basic theory of pre-Qin medicine in China.