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目的 探讨医院工作场所暴力的流行病学特征及危险因素。方法 抽样调查医院工作人员工作场所暴力发生情况,根据2002年5月10日世界卫生组织在题为《新的研究表明工作场所暴力威胁卫生服务》的公报中关于工作场所暴力的定义,采用频数分析和logistic回归等统计学方法对资料进行处理。结果 调查的4062名医院工作人员中1年内有2619人遭受过工作场所暴力,暴力的发生率为64.48％,其中心理暴力为49.12％,身体暴力为15.36％。男性更容易遭受多次暴力,且更容易遭受身体暴力;30～39岁年龄组医院工作人员是工作场所暴力的主要受害者,医生、护士。(含助理护士)是工作场所暴力的高危职业人群;白班是发生工作场所暴力事件的高峰时问,病房是多发地点。患者(或探视者)的要求未能得到满足、患者自认病情无好转和诊疗费用太高是工作场所暴力发生的主要危险因素。患者亲属和患者本人是主要的肇事者。结论 医院工作场所暴力问题严重,实施以医院为主导和改善医患关系的综合干预措施,尽量减少和避免工作场所暴力发生。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of workplace violence in hospitals and its risk factors. Methods Sampling was conducted to investigate the incidence of workplace violence in hospital staff. Based on the definition of workplace violence in the communiqué entitled “New research showing health services threatened by workplace violence” issued by WHO on 10 May 2002, a frequency analysis And logistic regression and other statistical methods to deal with the data. Results Among the 4,062 hospital staff surveyed, 2,619 people were subjected to workplace violence in one year. The incidence of violence was 64.48%, of which psychiatric violence was 49.12% and physical violence was 15.36%. Men are more exposed to multiple violence and are more exposed to physical violence; hospital staff in the age group of 30-39 are the main victims of workplace violence, doctors and nurses. (Including assistant nurses) are high-risk occupational groups in workplace violence; day shifts are the peak hours of workplace violence and wards are multiple sites. Patients (or visitors) have failed to meet the requirements, the patient admitted that the disease did not improve and the high cost of treatment is the main risk factors for workplace violence. Relatives of patients and patients themselves are the main perpetrators. Conclusion The workplace violence in the hospital is serious. The implementation of a comprehensive hospital-led intervention to improve the relationship between doctors and patients minimizes and avoids violence in the workplace.