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目的:了解衢州市2008年手足口病的流行病学和病原学特征,为手足口病防治工作提供科学依据。方法:对衢州市网络报告的2 041例手足口病病例进行描述性流行病学分析,对其中772例病例开展个案调查,并采集部分病例标本进行病原学检测。资料录入数据库后对数据用SPSS11.5的统计软件进行统计分析。结果:2008年衢州市区手足口病发病率为82.38/10万,无死亡病例。居法定传染病发病的第3位。男1 294例,女747例,男性发病率为100.37/10万,女性发病率为62.87/10万,男女发病率比为1.60∶1;发病年龄最小为3月龄,最大32岁,主要集中在4岁及以下儿童,占发病总数的92.41%(1 886/2 041)。职业分布以散居儿童为主,占64.14%(1 309/2 041),其次为幼托儿童,占33.27%(679/2 041)。疫情分布广泛,覆盖全市97.17%的乡镇街道,病例城乡分布比例为1∶2.67。以5-7月发病最多,占病例总数的73.49%(1 500/2 041)。全市共发生40起手足口病聚集性病例,其中一起以突发事件网上直报。病例临床表现主要以发热(84.07%)、皮疹(98.70%)、口腔疱疹或溃疡(79.02%)为主,少数伴呼吸道症状(20.98%)和消化道症状(7.90%);重症病例伴有神经系统症状。EV 71肠道病毒阳性检出率为34.03%。结论:手足口病的发生有明显年龄、性别、季节差异,EV 71是引起儿童手足口病的主要病原体。卫生行政部门与教育行政部门密切配合,做到早发现、早报告、早诊断、早治疗是控制本病扩散最有效措施。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in 2008 in Quzhou City and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological analysis of 2 041 hand, foot and mouth disease cases reported by Quzhou City Network was carried out. A total of 772 cases were investigated by case investigation and some cases were collected for pathogen detection. After data entry into the database, the data were statistically analyzed with SPSS11.5 statistical software. Results: The incidence of HFMD in Quzhou City in 2008 was 82.38 / 100 000, with no deaths. Home legal infectious diseases in the first three. 1 294 males and 747 females, the incidence of males was 100.37 / 100 000, the incidence of females was 62.87 / 100 000, the incidence rate of males and females was 1.60:1; the minimum age of onset was 3 months and the maximum was 32 years, Children aged 4 and under accounted for 92.41% (1 886/2 041) of the total number of cases. Occupational distribution was dominated by scattered children, accounting for 64.14% (1 309/2 041), followed by preschool children, accounting for 33.27% (679/2 041). The epidemic is widely distributed, covering 97.17% of the township streets, the proportion of urban and rural distribution of cases was 1: 2.67. The incidence was highest in May-July, accounting for 73.49% (1 500/2 041) of the total number of cases. A total of 40 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease clustered in the city occurred, of which an emergency online report. The main clinical manifestations were fever (84.07%), skin rashes (98.70%), oral herpes or ulcers (79.02%), a few with respiratory symptoms (20.98%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (7.90%); severe cases accompanied by nerve System symptoms. The positive detection rate of EV 71 enterovirus was 34.03%. Conclusion: The incidence of hand-foot-and-mouth disease is obviously different according to age, sex and season. EV 71 is the main pathogen causing hand-foot-mouth disease in children. The health administrative department and the education administrative department work closely to achieve early detection, early reporting, early diagnosis and early treatment are the most effective measures to control the spread of this disease.