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科特迪瓦(原译象牙海岸)共和国是非洲西部的一个小国,面积仅32.25万平方公里,人口近1000万(1987年)。自1960年独立以来,该国国民经济迅速发展,由一个贫穷落后的法国殖民地跃居为黑非洲罕见的非石油富国。尤其在整个60、70年代,该国以超过7%的年均经济增长率实现了国民生产总值翻两番,即由1960年的1200亿非洲法郎增加到1980年的20000亿非洲法郎,增长近15倍。同期人均国民收入也从150美元上升到1253美元,增长约8倍。这样的经济增长速度不仅在黑非洲国家首屈一指,在所有发展中国家中也名列前茅,因而被誉为“西非经济橱窗”。笔者认为,科特迪瓦之所以能够创造如此非凡的经济奇迹,主要是由于该国实施了一条切实可行的外向型经济发展战略。
The Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, a small country in western Africa, covers an area of only 323,500 square kilometers and has a population of nearly 10 million (1987). Since its independence in 1960, the national economy has rapidly developed from a poor and backward French colony to a rare non-oil rich country in Black Africa. In the entire 1960s and 1970s, in particular, the country achieved a quadrupling of its gross national product at an average annual economic growth rate of over 7%, from 200 billion CFAF in 1960 to 200 billion CFAF in 1980, Nearly 15 times. In the same period, per capita national income also rose from 150 U.S. dollars to 1,253 U.S. dollars, an increase of about 8 times. This rate of economic growth has been hailed as the “West African Economic Window” not only among the best in Black Africa but also among all developing countries. The author believes that the reason Côte d’Ivoire has been able to create such an extraordinary economic miracle is mainly due to the country’s implementation of a viable export-oriented economic development strategy.