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目的采用双生子研究法,探讨遗传和环境因素对青少年外向性行为问题的影响。方法采用Achenbach青少年自评量表(YSR)评定重庆市12~18岁66对双生子的外向性行为问题,采用一般情况问卷(包括年龄、性别等人口学特征情况)、父母的养育方式和维度问卷(PSDQ)、家庭压力问卷(FSQ)、家庭亲密度与适应性量表(FACES)、应激生活事件(SLE)问卷调查双生子环境因素;采集双生子静脉血标本,提取DNA进行卵型鉴定。通过OPEN-MX软件构建单因素结构方程模型,定量分析加性遗传因素、共享环境因素、个体特异性环境因素与双生子外向性行为的关系。结果在外向性行为总变异方差中加性遗传效应占0.57(95%CI 0.37~0.72)、个体特异性环境因素占0.43(95%CI 0.28~0.63);双生子的外向性行为问题与家庭亲密度呈负相关(r=-0.221,P<0.05),与家庭压力呈正相关(r=0.226,P<0.05),与应激生活事件呈正相关(r=0.194,P<0.05),与专制型养育方式(r=0.235,P<0.05)、宽容型养育方式(r=0.212,P<0.05)呈正相关;与父母的教育程度、职业等相关性不明显。结论青少年外向性行为受遗传和特殊环境因素的共同影响,受遗传的影响较大;家庭环境、父母的教育方式等与外向性行为有一定的相关性。
Objective To study the impact of genetic and environmental factors on adolescent sexual behavior problems by adopting twin studies. Methods The Achenbach adolescents’ self-rating scale (YSR) was used to evaluate the extroversion behavior of 66 pairs of twins aged 12-18 in Chongqing. The general situation questionnaire (including demographic characteristics such as age and gender), parental rearing styles and dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), Family Stress Questionnaire (FSQ), Family Fidelity and Fitness Scale (FACES) and Stress Life Events (SLE) were used to investigate twins ’environmental factors. Twins’ blood samples were collected to extract DNA for egg type Identification. The OPEN-MX software was used to construct the one-factor structural equation model to quantitatively analyze the relationship between additive genetic factors, shared environmental factors, individual-specific environmental factors and twin extroverted behavior. Results The additive genetic effects accounted for 0.57 (95% CI 0.37 ~ 0.72) and individual specific environmental factors accounted for 0.43 (95% CI 0.28 ~ 0.63) in the total variance of total extroversion behavior. The extroverted behavior problems of twins were closely related to family (R = -0.221, P <0.05), and was positively correlated with family stress (r = 0.226, P <0.05) and positively correlated with stressful life events (r = 0.194, P <0.05) (R = 0.235, P <0.05), tolerant mode of nourishment (r = 0.212, P <0.05), and no significant correlation with parents’ education level, occupation and so on. Conclusion Adolescents’ extroversion behaviors are influenced by heredity and special environmental factors, and are influenced by inheritance. Family environment and parental education are related to extroversion behavior.