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在解放战争战略追击阶段,由第四野战军发起、第二野战军配合,以歼灭宋希濂集团主力、解放鄂西地区为目的的鄂西战役,是解放军进军大西南的先声。 未雨绸缪 宜沙战役后,宋希濂集团10万余人退守长江以南之鄂西地区,其湘鄂边区绥署改为川湘鄂边区绥署,并将华中军政长官公署改归西南军政长官公署指挥,总部驻湖北恩施。 面对解放军的强大攻势,宋希濂自知无法与之抗衡。为求长久之策,宋于1949年8月飞赴汉中,与胡宗南商量,将西南地区的国民党军主力撤至滇缅边界地区。由于宋希濂在抗日战争时期曾参加过入缅作战,对该地区的情况较熟,因而认为这样进可攻退可守,能够与解放军长期周旋。胡宗南支持宋的这一方案,双方约定待8月下旬蒋介石在重庆召开军事会议时向蒋当面提出。然而,这一方案遭到蒋介石的拒绝。蒋认为这无异于将整个西南拱手让给共产党、宋希濂无奈,回到恩施后只得硬着头皮依据蒋的部署,沿巫山、武陵山组织“川湘鄂防线”,以便北与孙震的川东绥署、南与何绍周第19兵团的“黔东防线”相接,阻止解放军西进,拱卫四川盆地。为此,宋希濂以钟彬第14兵团第124军位于巴东野三关地区,第79军位于五峰地区,第122军残部3000余人位于恩施以
During the chase period of the strategy of liberation war, the campaign of western Hubei Province, initiated by the fourth field army and coordinated by the second field army to annihilate the main force of the Songxi Group and liberate the west of Hubei Province, is the prelude to the PLA’s marching into the southwest. After taking a rainy day in the Yishan Campaign, more than 100,000 people of the Songxi Group retreated to western Hubei Province, south of the Yangtze River. The Sui, Hunan and Hubei border areas were changed to Sui District in the Border Area of Hubei and Hubei Provinces and the Central Military Commission was changed to the commanding office of the Southwest Military and Political Commissar. Headquarters in Hubei Enshi. Facing the powerful offensive of the People’s Liberation Army, Song Xi 濂 knew he could not compete with it. In order to seek a long-term solution, Song flew to Hanzhong in August 1949 to discuss with Hu Zongnan and to withdraw the Kuomintang forces in southwest China to the border areas of Burma and Myanmar. Since Song Xi-hsi had participated in the war with Burma during the Anti-Japanese War and was familiar with the situation in the area, he thought it would be possible to attack and defend in such a manner and could work with the PLA for a long time. Hu Zongnan supported Song’s proposal and both sides agreed to present Chiang’s face until Chiang Kai-shek convened a military conference in late August. However, this plan was rejected by Chiang Kai-shek. Jiang thought it would be tantamount to handing over the entire southwest to the Communists. After returning to Enshi, Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to bite his head. According to Chiang’s deployment, the “Sichuan, Hubei and Hubei lines” were organized along Wushan and Wuling Mountains so that the north Dongsui Department, south and He Shaowu 19th Corps “Qiandong defense” phase, to prevent the People’s Liberation Army westward, arch guard the Sichuan Basin. To this end, Song Xi 濂 to the 14th Corps of Zhong Bin 14th Army located in Badong Ye San Sankuan area, the 79th Army located in Wufeng area, the 122nd Army remnants of more than 3,000 people located in Enshi to