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本文报导不同栽培措施下水稻田甲烷释放的特性和甲烷产生菌、甲烷氧化菌的数量、种类。结果表明,水稻田的甲烷释放,无论是早稻还是晚稻,成活期每天的释放量较少,随着生长逐渐增加,至分蘖期达到最高,随后又逐渐减少,长期淹水和施用高量氮肥或有机肥可以明显地增加水稻田的甲烷释放量。水稻田土壤中产甲烷细菌的数量湿灌溉少氮处理少于其他各处理,其他各处理间无明显差异。早稻生长前期较后期土壤中的产甲烷菌数量低2—3个数量,晚稻生长中期略高于生长前期和后期。甲烷氧化菌数量在早稻生长期间从10~3～10~4/g干土增加到生长后期的10~8/g干土。在晚稻生长期间维持在10~8/g干土。产甲烷细菌的种类主要为甲烷杆菌属(Methanobacterium)和甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina)的种。甲烷氧化菌主要为杆状,除甲烷外还能利用其他基质的兼性异养型甲基营养型细菌。
This paper reports the characteristics of methane emission and the number and types of methane-producing bacteria and methane-oxidizing bacteria in paddy fields under different cultivation measures. The results showed that the release of methane from paddy fields was lower than that from the early rice or from the late rice. The daily release was less during the growing period, then increased gradually to the highest at the tillering stage, then gradually decreased, and then flooded and nitrogenous fertilizer was applied Organic fertilizer can obviously increase the methane emission in paddy fields. The amount of methane-producing bacteria in paddy soil was less than that of other treatments in wet irrigation. There was no significant difference among other treatments. The amount of methanogens in soil in early-stage early rice was 2-3 days lower than that in early-late rice, but slightly higher than that in late-growth stage. The number of methanotrophs increased from 10 ~ 3 ~ 10 ~ 4 / g dry soil to 10 ~ 8 / g dry soil at the late growth stage during early rice growth. During the growth of late rice was maintained at 10 ~ 8 / g dry soil. Methanogenic bacteria are predominantly Methanobacterium species and Methanosarcina species. Methanoic bacteria mainly rod-shaped, in addition to methane can also use other substrates of facultative heterotrophic methylotrophic bacteria.