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To study the prevalence and pathogenesis of transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Serum TTV DNA was tested in 69 hemodialysis patients from our hospital by nested-PCR using primers from a conservative region of TTV genenome, gene sequence analysis and detection of hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) and the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) were determined simultaneously. Results: The overall prevalence of TTV viremia was 27.5%. The PCR-amplified gene fragment from one patient was sequenced, and its sequence homologies with TTV-GH1, TTV-TA278, TTVCHN1 and TTVCHN2 ranged from 89% to 100%, and its deduced amino acid sequence homologies with these 4 isolates ranged from 87% to 100%. There was no significant difference in TTV prevalence between anti-HCV positive and negative patients (P＞0.05). No significant elevation of ALT is found in all patients. Conclusion: High prevalence of TTV infection is found among hemodialysis patients, and TTV infection has no significant association with HCV infection or elevation of ALT.